Multiplex heater for permanent-wave machines



April 14, 1931. E. c. AUER ET AL MULTIPLE)! HEATER FOR PERMANENT WAVE MACHINES Filed March 23, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet l -Imran ur's- Elizabilh Buns n ma Huer Hannah ELI-1a?! H H": J

April 14,. 1931. c. AUER ET AL 0,

ILLILTIPLEX HEATER FOR PERMANENT WAVE MACHINES Filed March 23, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fauna v -Imran era- Elizalfiih 1311mm H1151" April 14, 1931. E. .c. AUER ETAL 1,300,712

MULTIPLEX HEATER FOR PERMANENT WAVE MACHINES & Filed March 23, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 --InuanZcms-- Elizabil'h Inns afz'hrTs Fluer Hannwf Patented Apr. 14, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELIZABETH CONSTANTINE AUER AND HANNAH M. HART, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS MULTIPLEX HEATER FOR PERMANENT-WAVE MACHINES Application filed March 23, 1928. Serial No. 264,059.

- This invention relates, broadly stated, to heating elements, and is more particularly concerned with a novel multiplex heating element for applying, to hair, permanent waves 6 of various character. It is designed to replace the well known tubular heater used at present in connection with permanent wave machines, and its principal object is to furnish a means for applying waves of different de- 0 sign, such as ordinary round curl waves and so-called Marcel waves in a simple and highly efficient manner.

The permanent wave machine, as is well known, comprises a plurality of tubular heat- 15 ing elements, attached by cords to a common stand. The operator winds a strand of hair on a tapering round curler rod, fastens the hair to this rod, and then wraps a moist pad around it. Thus prepared, the rods are in- ?Q serted into the heaters on the machine. hen current is applied, the various strands of hair are steamed and baked in place, producing simple round coils or curls. These are then H manipulated by combing, brushing and a special setting process, and the finished product is called a permanent wave.

The wave produced in this manner is n t a true imitation of natural wave due to the circular character of the curls. Discriminatm ing clients prefer, therefore, the so-called Marcel wave which is applied manually by an operator manipulating a curling iron of special construction.

In the patent to Hannah M. Hart, No. 1,768,055 of June 24, 1930, is disclosed a wav ing device designed to overcome the deficiency of the usual permanent wave machine, by furnishing a simple curler fork which serves for imparting to the hair a wave in nearly perfect imitation of a natural wave. This curler fork is used in place of the usual round curler red. A strand of hair is arranged on the prongs of the curler fork, each prong serving as an axis for a series of curls. Thus arranged, the strand of hair on the fork is subjected to the usual process of steaming and baking in a suitable heater. The wave produced in this manner differs substantially from the wave produced by employing a simple round curler rod. It produces two adjoining series of curls, which, when brushed and combed, exhibit a natural appearance similar to a manually niarcelled wave.

It is the principal object of this invention to provide a heater which may be used for :3 producing either a round curl wave or a Marcel wave, regardless of the device which is employed for initially arranging the hair. This initial device may be either a round tapering rod as usually employed, or it may be co device, such for example as shown in the above mentioned patent.

The heater contemplated in the present case consists of a primary heater having a tubular heating member for receiving a strand of hair arranged on the prongs of a curler fork; a heating element is arranged around the heating member and insulating means cover the heating element to prevent heat radiation to the outside. A contact as- I sembly is concealed in said primary heater, having springs to maintain normally a connection between the heating element and current supply conductors permanently connected to the primary heater. A separate secondary heater is provided, which is adapted to be inserted into the tubular heating member of the primary heater. This latter heater has a tubular heating member for receiving a strand of hair arranged on a round curler rod; located around said heating member is a heating element having insulating means to prevent heat radiation to the outside exactly as in case of the primary heater. There are also contact means provided in the secondary 33 heater which are adapted to cooperate with the contact assembly in the primary heater when the secondary heater is inserted therein. lVhen it is desired to apply a Marcel wave, the primary heater will be used. If an ordi- 3 nary round curl wave is to be applied, the operator simply inserts the secondary heater into the primary heater. This action causes the cooperating contact assembly in the primary heater to disconnect the current sup- :1 ply conductors from the heating element therein and to substitute the heating element in the secondary heater.

Another embodiment of the invention is concerned with a heater having movable heat- 7 ing elements. These elements are normally receiving astrand of hair arranged onthe usual curler rod to produce a round curl wave. 7 I V It will be seen-from the above" discussion that the heating element disclosed in the present case permitsthe applieationof eithera round curl wave or a l l'arcel wave, eachof which necessitates a diilerent curler device rod or'forlz) without any trouble or change whatever. It'willalso be appreeiatedthat the insulating means surroundin the heating elements of ti primaryand of the secondary heat-er iurnisha very eflicient device, since the heat will always be at the proper place, i. e., close to the strand of hair wound on the curler device in use.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying three sheets of drawings which form apart of this specification, and in which Fig. 1 shows the primary heater in perspective; J

Fig; 2 illustrates a longitudinal cross section taken on the line 2+2 of'Fig. 1, with some partsbrokenaway to keep the drawing simple-and lucid; V

Fig. 3 is a cross sectionon line 33 of. Fig. 1;

Fig.4 illustrates a detail part carrying the contact mechanism;

7 Fig; 5 illustrates the'secondary heater in perspective V Fig. 6 is a cross section taken on line 66 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a crosssection onxline'7'7 of Fig. 5;

Figs. Sand 9 show a locking mechanism for securing the secondary heater in place when inserted in the primary heater;

Fig. 10 shows a modification of the primary heater in crosssection with the contact mechanism arranged'circularly on the inside of the heater; 7 7 V Fig; 11 illustrates the cross section of a modification of the secondary heater which may be used in connection with the primary heater shown in Fig. 10; A

I Fig. 12 shows the longitudinal cross section of a modified heater having movable elements;

Fig. 13 illustrates a transverse cross section of the heater shown in Fig. 12;

Fig. l'shows' a partial longitudinal cross section of the heater shown in Fig.12, but takenin another plane;

Fig. 15 shows a wiring'diagrain 'for 'the movable heating elements;

16 showsa detail partused in the above heater for guiding the movable elemen-ts; and

Fig. 17 illustrates the position of the elements when used for making a round curl wave. The opening being circular, as contrasted with the oval opening shown in Fig. 13.

The detailed description of the various parts shown in the drawings, and of the operation of the device, will now be presented.

Reterrin'g'now to the drawings,'Figs. 1, 2 and 3 illustrate theprima-ry heater. It con sists of the outer or cover shell member 1 whichis=provided=at its lower end with a circular inset to serve as a shoulder for holding-the insulating member andthe heat ing element-7. Attached to this cover shell 1 is" a ctr ire-inner hea neinber' At the upper closed end ofmernber '9 are two openings-10am.- a threaded hole forreceiva screw 12 which is provided for holding the insulatingplate 11' in place, resting on the mem er 9 and on the end portion of the shell 1. l

plate 11=may be 'of an'y well 7 g. 1 name material. lhe plate is inonntedon tl e heatingnieinber 9 as was .e..'c'i*1bed int is foregoing par aph, and its pose is to hold contact menibers best seen in Fig. 4. Two or these contact membersare resilient springs designated 13 and 17 which mounted on the plate 11 by means 01 /acem springs are mounted stationary on the 11 by means of screws 16 and 20. T-he lat opening to'receivethe protecting wire coil 3,

insice 01 which'is the cables carrying the current supply conductors ..8 and 24. rhese conductors are permanently connected the springs 13 and 17, as is shown in Fig." 1-. Since these springs are in contact'with the stationary spring 15 and 19, andsince these latter springs are permanently COIlll'QGtcCl with the terminals of the hea g'element 7, as is best seen in Fig. 2, it will be obvious that the heating element 7 is normally always con nec't-ed to the current supply conductors. It will be understood of course that switch may be;provided individual to the heaterit desired. Usua'lly, however, the switch for turning on the current, is located convenientlv at the junction of two heaters. u

The auxiliary or secondary heater will be described next with reference to Figs. 5. 6 and 7. Y I

It comprises a shell member 27 having a knurled part 28 rigidly attacned to it. Arranged inside of this shell and resting against the part 28 are the insulator 33 and the heating element 32, and mounted on the part 28 by means of a threaded end is the heat member 31. It will be seen that the arran ement of the various parts corresponds exactly to the arrangement shown in connection with the primary heater. The part 28 is knurled in order to provide for taking the secondary heater conveniently out of the primary heatl The shell 27 is also provided with a shoul M for receiving the insulator plate 29 which is fastened to the assembly by screw 40 engag ing the bottom side of the heating member 31. Two contact members 34 and are mounted on the plate 29 by means of nu s 36 and 37, and permanently connected to these contacts are the terminals and 39 of the heating element 32.

If it is desired to steam and bake a Marcel wave, the operator will insert the strand of hair arranged on the curler fork into the openin 6 in the heater shown in 1 and 2. Due to the insulation of the heating ele ment, the heat produced will be concentrated to the inside, keeping the outside of the heater cool during the entire process. However, ii

it is desired to treat ordinary round curl wave, this may be done by simply inserting the heater shown in Figs. 5, 6 and '7 into the opening 6 of the primary heater. The curler rod is then inserted into the opening 30 in the secondary heater.

Referring now to Figs. 8 and 9, these figures illustrate schematically how the secndary heater may be locked in place in the primary heater. As shown in Fig. 8, a groove 42 may be provided near the lower end of the member 9, and a spring member i3 may be inserted in the groove 42 in such a manner that its middle part projects into the opening 6 of the inner shell of the heater. The secondary heater shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 may be provided with a groove or notch corresponding to the resilient spring in the opening 6 of the primary heater. Now, when the secondary heater is inserted into the primary heater, the spring 43 will engage the groove in the outer shell of the secondary heater, and the heater will thus be locked in place. It will be understood. of course that the locking arrangement has been shown by way of example only, and that any other arrangement may be adopted to equal advantage.

Figs. 10 and 11 show modifications of the primary and of the secondary heater, respectively, and wil be explained nez:

It may be desirable to preserve the oper ings 6 in the primary heater and 30 in the secondary heater. throughout the entire length of the device. In such a case, the modifications shown in Figs. 10 and 11 may be adopted, which show the arrangement of the contacts circularly inside the upper ends of the heaters. All parts are designated with reference numerals corresponding to the designations in previous figures, with the addition of aprime.

Stationary contact springs 15 and 19 are shown mounted on the inside of the heater Fig. 10, insulated against the heating inc her 9'. Cooperating resilient contact spring 13 and 17 mounted circularly inside the cover shell 1 and, of course insulated therefrom. These contact springs are provided with contact points normally in engagementwith each other. Therefore, the heating element 7 which has its terminals 25' and 26 permanently con nected to the contact springs 15 and 19 is maintained connected to the usual current supply conductors, which may be permanent ly connected to the springs 13 and 17'. There are openings in the heating member 9 and through these openings project contacts 21 1d 22. A. detailed view of how these cur springs are mounted on the corresponding members of the heater has not been shown, because the detailed arrange ment of these parts is believed to be sufiiciently illustrated in the figure.

Fig. 11 shows a secondary heater which may be employed in connection with the modified primary heater described above. The heating member 31' is screwed into the lower part of the shell 27 which encloses the heating element 32 and the insulator 33. The terminals 38 and 39 of the heating element end in contact points as shown. At the upper end of the shell 27 and inside of it are two contact springs l and provided with contact points to engage the con tacts of the heating element, and with contacts 34' and 35 to engage the contacts 21 and 9.2 of the primary heater when the secondary heater is inserted therein.

The operation of these modified heaters just discussed will be obvious from the drawings and from the explanations furnished in connection with previously discussed figures. However, there is a slight difierence in handling the heaters shown in Figs. 10 and 11, which will be briefly explained. It will be seen from Fig. 11 that the springs 44 and 45 rest against a ring L6. forcing this ring normally upward against the furnjished by the shell member 27. This ring is of insulating material (the springs 44 and 45 being also mounted on the inside of the member 27 by means of an insulator) and has plungers projecting through suitable openings in the cover edge and terminating in an operating ring d7. Now, when the heater Fig. 11 is inserted into the opening of the heater Fig. 10, the operator will depress the ring t? and thereby push the insulator ring 46 against the springs 44 and use usual, and are ing movable contacts 21 and 22 15 Accordingly, these springs are forcel to make contact with the heating element 32 and the contact members 3e" are forced outwards to engage the correspondoi the primary heater. These latter contacts me the sprin s 13 and 17 out of enga ement 1 a A. I A I a o with the springs 15 and 19 disconnectr the heatin element of the nrimar r heater as usual. Thereiore, the contacts 5 1 r fl 35 serve 'lso as locking members for securing the secondary heater in place in the primary heater. It will be understood of course, that the openings through which the contacts 21"and 22" progect, as well as the ooeninrgs in the secondar heater arovided Q. J

' No details of this nature 7 ing elements.

for contacts 3% and 35 may be equipped with insulating bushings as indicated.

In order to loch the ring d? and with it the contact assembly in place, the springs a l and may be provided with glOOVCS or kinks in'which the 46 may rest in operating positiorn or thering a? may he carr ing a projection or cam extending dew wardly,

and the ring may be rot: lock the c in behind a- 1310360131011 in t 13 shell 1 i J.

ve been shown in order to keep the drawir j as simple possible. It will be understood that there are a great number of possible ways for scrthe contacts in place in the manner ntimate Referring now to Figs. 12 to 17, inclus thereby displacing the heating elements in such a manner that they form a small, round tubular opening suitable for receiving a strand of hair arranged on the usual curler rod. The figures will now be explained in detail.

' normally a tendency to move away from Fig. 12 is a longitudinal cross section of the modified heater, and 13 is a transverse cross section. As seen more clearly from Fig. 18, there-are four heating elements provided, designated with reference numerals to 62, inclusive. These elements mounted inside of the shell member 50 and a slidable in grooves on guide members suc i as the one shown in Fig. 16. The elements 59 and 60 have normally tendency to move toward the center which s due to the action of spring '17 78 shown clearly in Figs. 13' and 14 while the elements 61 and 62 have center, which tendency is due tothe mount l ing springs 86 to 89, best shown in Fig. 12.

Referring particularly to Fig. 13, it will be seen thatthe elements have freedom of movement within the limits provided by the '-pro-" jections 73 to 76, inclusive, of the guide member 50 shown separately. in Fig.16. The movement of the elements 61. and 62 away from the center is limited by levers 81 and 82 which are rotatably mounted on shafts 79 and stened in the shell member 50 as shown F These levers have aoapted to slidab ing-lilre projections of o hers 83 and'8 1. These no l ably moun ed in openinghnob memshell 50. It will be clear from the above description with reference to the drawings, that the tendency of the elements 61 and 62 to pull awa from the center'will act on the lever arrangement, and the latter in turn will act on the shdable Accordingly, the tendency of the other two elem tO'lDOVG JOW rd the center, will be lii s of the elements 61 and 62, e d e c rangement will normally 1 as s .own in Fig. 13, thereby assume aposi V oroducmgan oval opening 59 large enough LO lcCGVQ the strand or hair on a curierIork i'or J a Marcel Wave. In case it should red, however, to use the heater for a round curl wave, all that is necesa y perate the two knobs 83 and 84. fire elements 61 and 62 will thereby be moved l' v hen the. elements are in the position to receive the curler fork, as shown in Fig. 13, they are connected to current as shown in the wiring diagram in Fig. 15. Each element is unit in itself. It consists of a cover shell which encloses an electrical heating member of suitable design, as tor example the member 76 of element 61, which is insulated to the outside by the insulator 68. The structure of the other elements is similar as seen from the drawing, Fig. 13. members are connected in series, as for example the members 67 and 69 of the elements 61 and 62, and the two pairs of elements are connected to current in parallel, as shown in Fig. 15. Each element is provided with a cover plate of insulating material, such as indicated at 90, 91 and '92 which are the cover plates of elements 61, 59 and 62,-

9 and 60 I n age hear The heating K lJS pushing them upward in the openings shell 50, into a position shown 1n Fig. 12;

members 67 and 69 of these elements are con nected in series as shown. The element 59 has a contact 94 which is at this time in engagement with the contact member 5'? on the insulating plate 52, and the element 60 is provided with a corresponding contact 96 which is in engagement with the contact member 58. The heating members 63 and 65 which belong to the elements 59 and 60, respectively, are again connected in series. Thus the four elen ents are connected in pairs in parallel to the current supply conductors as is illustrated in Fig. 15. When the knobs 83 and 85 are operated to position the elements as indicated in Fig. 1'7, the contacts 1 94 and 95 of elements 61 and 62 will slide toward the center along the contact members 57 and 58, while the contacts 9 1 and 98 of the elements 59 and 60 will slide off from the contact members 57 and 58 and will thus disconnect these elements because in this position the elements 59 and 60 are not needed.

The above described form of carrying out the invention shows a structure in which the heater is closed at its upper end by a cap member 51. This structure, it will be seen, corresponds to the structure of the heater shown in Fig. 1. In practice it is desirable to use a heater which has a tubular opening extending throughout its entire length, because of the steam and heat developed during the process of baking a strand of hair in place. Therefore, the modifications in Figs. 10 and 11 have been shown in which the openings extend throughout the length of the heaters. The structure illustrated in Figs. 12 to 17, inclusive, can of course be arranged in a manner similar to the one shown in Figs. 10 and 11. The heater has been shown closed at its upper end because of the fact that the appliance is not limited to be used in connection with permanent waving machines, but may be used with advantage in a number of industrial processes. However, when used for the purpose described in this specification, the device should be made according to the structure shown in Figs. 10 and 11, i. e., with the opening extending throughout its length. This can be easily done by substituting an insulating member with an opening for the member 52 which is shown solid. The contacts may be arranged on this member in a simple manner, the details of which may be omitted in order to avoid unnecessary encumbering of the specification. Instead of a cap-like cover 51 as shown in Fig. 12, a ring may be used whlch carries the current supply conductors and embraces the upper end of the shell member 50. Vhen carried out in accordance with the above, the opening is preserved in every position of the heating elements, and steam or heat developed during hair treating can readily escape. However, when used for other industrial purposes, it may be desirable to adopt exactly the structure shown.

Concerning the heat insulating and heat concentrating qualities of the last described heater, it will be seen that each element is separately insulated to the outside, to prevent heat radiation away from the center which is the place of use. In addition to this insulation it will be observed that the movable elements are in any position sepa rated from the shell member, which repre sents a very effective insulation against heat radiation to the outside since air is the worst heat conductor. Therefore, the outer shell will always be cool during the entire process.

o have described and illustrated certain embodiments of the invention, but it will be understood that we do not desire to be limited either in its application or in its structure beyond and above the limitations defined in the following claims.

W is claimed is heat treating device comp 'ising a plurality of heating elements forming a tubula opening 01" a certain size, means for altering the of said opening, and means operated thereby for disconnecting certain of said elements from common current supply terminals provioed said device.

2. 'n device having a tubular opening for receiv' an article for heat treat ient, current supp terminals in said device, heating elements connected thereto, means 101 altering the size and shape of said tubular opening, and mea s for thereby altering the connection between said terminals and said elements.

3. A heating device comprising a plurality of heating elements and having a tubular opening for receiving an article for heat treatment, terminals for supplying current to said elements, means for altering said tubular opening to receive a different article for heat treatment, and means for changing thereby the connection between certain of said elements and said terminals.

4. A heating device having a tubular receptacle for embracing an article for heat treatment, heating elements, common current supply terminals therefor, means for moving said elements with respect to each other for changing said receptacle to embrace a different article for heat treatment, and contact means actuated thereby for altering the coniection between said elements and said terminals.

5. A heat treating device of the class described, comprising a plurality of variably used heating elements, each of said elements having indiv dual heat generating means and provisions to insulate the outside against heat generated thereby, common current supply means o; iected to one of said elements, and co-operating contact means in each of said elements for automatically connecting said supply means only to the element in use.

6. A heat treating device of the class de scribed, comprising a primary element havin a tubular heatin member heat ener b D 7 b 'ating means andinsulating means for directing toward said member heat generated thereby, current supply means permanently connected to said primary element, 'asecondary element adapt-ed to be attached-to said primary element and having a heating member, heat generating and insulating means similar to said primary element, and co-operating contactmeans on said primary and said secondary elements for disconnecting said current supply means from said primary eleing in said contact means, a secondary heater adapted tobe attached to and removed from the heat ng memberof said primary heater and havin a heatin member a heating element and insulating means simlar to said primary heater, and contact means on said secondar heater coo eratin with the contact means of said primary heater when attached thereto, for disconnecting the heating element of said primary heater and for substituting the heating element of said secondary heater.

8. A heat treating device 01": the class described, comprislng a primary heater having 7 a tubular heating member, a heating element 7 er and for substitutitng the heating element disposed around said member, insulating means covering said element, contact means connected to said element, current supply conductors terminating in said contact means, a secondary heater adapted to be inserted into the heating member of said sec- 7 ondary'heater and having a heating memher, a heating element and insulating means similar to said primary heater and similarly I disposed, and contact means on said secondary heater cooperating with the contact meansof said primary heater for disconnecting the heating element of said primary heatof said secondary heater when the same is in serted into said primary heater, 7 i

9. A heat treating device comprising a first heater having a tubular heating memher, a heating element disposed around said member, insulating means covering said element, stationary'contacts connected to said element, movable contacts cooperating with said stationary contacts, current supply conductors terminating in said movable contacts, a second heater adapted to be inserted into the heating member of said first heater and having a? heating member, a heating element and insulating means similar to said first heater and similarly disposed, and contact means on said second heater cooperating with the movable contacts on said first heater for disconnecting the heating element of the first heater and for substituting the heating element of the second heater when the same is inserted into said primary heater.

710. A heat treating device comprising a,

tubular member, a second tubular member insertible into the first tubular member, heating elements carried by the respective mem here, means for supplyingel ctrical energy to said elements, andmeans controlled by the second tubular member for opening the circuit of th first member and closing the oircuit of the second member when the latter is inserted into the former into operative relation thereto and for closing the circuit of the first tubular member and opening the circuit of the second tubular member when the latter is withdrawn from the former.

. ln witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 21st day of March, A. D. 1928. ELIZABETH CONSTANTINE AUER.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 21stday of March, A. D. 1928. HANNAH M. HART. V V 

